Studies in Literature

Dante's Commedia, Book XXVI

Translated by Robert Pinksy, 1994


In this passage Dante, guided by Virgil, peers down from an arch over the Eighth Bolgia, a ditch circling the Inferno around which proceed the souls of the Deceivers eternally engulfed in flame. As Dante watches, a flame with two tongues approaches containing the souls of two of the damned: the Greeks Diomedes and Ulysses. Virgil responds to Dante's request to question the sinners enclosed in the flame by speaking to it himself. The passage starts in the middle of line 41 of the Pinsky translation.

                                                    . . . so each flame moves
Along the ditch's gullet with not one

Showing its plunder, though every flame contrives
        To steal away a sinner. I had climbed up
        To balance where the bridge's high point gives

A better view, and if I didn't grip
        A rock, I would have fallen from where I stood
        Without a push. Seeing how from the top

I gazed intently down, my master said,
        "Within the flames are spirits; each one here
        Enfolds himself in what burns him." I replied,

"My Master, to hear you say it makes me sure,
        But I already thought it; already, too,
        I wanted to ask you who is in that fire

Which at its top is so split into two
        It seems to surge from the fire Eteocles
        Shared with his brother?" He answered, "In it go

Tormented Ulysses and Diomedes
        Enduring vengeance together, as they did wrath;
        And in their flame they grieve for their device,

The horse that made the doorway through which went forth
        The Romans' noble seed. Within their fire
        Now they lament the guile that even in death

Made Daedamia mourn Achilles, and there
        They pay the price for the Palladium."
        "Master," I said, "I earnestly implore,

If they can speak within those sparks of flame—
        And pray my prayer be worth a thousand pleas—
        Do not forbid my waiting here for them

Until their horned flame makes its way to us;
        You see how yearningly it makes me lean."
        And he to me: "Your prayer is worthy of praise,

And therefore I accept it. But restrain
        Your tongue, leave speech to me—Greeks that they were,
        They might treat words of yours with some disdain."

My master waited as the flame drew near
        For the right place and moment to arrive,
        Then spoke: "O you, who are two within one fire:

If I deserved of you while I was alive—
        If I deserved anything great or small
        From you when I wrote verse, then do not move;

But rather grant that one of you will tell
        Whither, when lost, he went away to die."
        The greater horn of flame began to flail

And murmur like fire the wind beats, and to ply
        Its tip which, as it vibrated here and there
        Like a tongue in speech, flung out a voice to say:

"When Circe had detained me more than a year
        There near Gaeta, before it had that name
        Aeneas gave it, and I parted from her,

No fondness for my son, nor any claim
        Of reverence for my father, nor love I owed
        Penelope, to please her, could overcome

My longing for experience of the world,
        Of human vice and virtue. But I sailed out
        On the deep open seas, accompanied

By that small company that still had not
        Deserted me, in a single ship. One coast
        I saw, and then another, and I got

As far as Spain, Morocco, Sardinia, a host
        Of other islands that the sea bathes round.
        My men and I were old and slow when we passed

The narrow outlet where Hercules let stand
        His markers beyond which men were not to sail.
        On my left hand I left Ceuta behind,

And on the other sailed beyond Seville.
        'O brothers who have reached the West,' I began,
        'Through a hundred thousand perils, surviving all:

So little is the vigil we see remain
        Still for our senses, that you should not choose
        To deny it the experience—behind the sun

Leading us onward—of the world which has
        No people in it. Consider well your seed:
        You were not born to live as a mere brute does,

But for the pursuit of knowledge and the good.'
        Then all of my companions grew so keen
        To journey, spurred by this little speech I'd made,

I would have found them difficult to restrain.
        Turning our stern toward the morning light,
        We made wings of our oars, in an insane

Flight, always gaining on the left. The night
        Showed all the stars, now, of the other pole—
        Our own star fallen so low, no sign of it

Rose from the sea. The moon's low face glowed full
        Five times since we set course across the deep,
        And as many times was quenched invisible,

When dim in the distance we saw a mountaintop:
        It seemed the highest I had ever seen.
        We celebrated—but soon began to weep,

For from the newfound land a storm had grown,
        Rising to strike the forepart of the ship.
        It whirled the vessel round, and round again

With all the waters three times, lifting up
        The stern the fourth—as pleased an Other—to press
        The prow beneath the surface, and did not stop

Until the seas had closed up over us."